Rahmenkonzept der Hochschulen des Landes Baden-Württemberg für datenintensive Dienste – bwDATA Phase III (2020-2024)

Das zentrale Ziel von bwDATA in Phase III ist die optimale Unterstützung der Wissenschaft in den Belangen der Datenspeicherung und des nachhaltigen Forschungsdatenmanagements ebenso wie die Versorgung der Landeshochschulen mit auf ihre jeweiligen Belange und Bedürfnisse angepassten Speicherstrukturen und darauf basierenden Diensten. Dem Beispiel des bwHPC-Konzepts folgend werden hierbei enge Abstimmung, Kooperation und Arbeitsteilung zwischen den beteiligten Einrichtungen vertieft. Das vorliegende Rahmenkonzept soll dabei nicht als absoluter Leitfaden für die Periode 2020 bis 2024 dienen, es will vielmehr für die verschiedenen Bereiche der Wissenschaft, für Forschung, Lehre und Administration die Rahmenbedingungen für den koordinierten Aufbau und Betrieb speicherintensiver Dienste definieren. bwDATA basiert dabei auf einer gemeinsamen, strategischen Vorgehensweise aller Universitäten, Hochschulen der angewandten Wissenschaften, Pädagogischen Hochschulen, Kunst- und Musikhochschulen, der Dualen Hochschule Baden-Württembergs, der Landesbibliotheken und des Landesarchivs. Ein wesentliches Ziel von bwDATA Phase III ist der verbesserte Umgang mit großen wissenschaftlichen Datenmengen über den gesamten Data Life Cycle in der BaWü-Datenföderation und damit auch der verstärkte Aufbau des Forschungsdatenmanagements für die beteiligten wissenschaftlichen Einrichtungen bis hin zu Backup und Langzeitarchivierung. Das Rahmenkonzept bwDATA definiert die Möglichkeit, die Wissenschaft in den Teilgebieten Forschung, Lehre und Administration durch Verbessern vorhandener und Aufbau neuer Lösungen flexibel zu unterstützen

Appraisal of health care: from patient value to societal benefit

Aim: This paper summarizes the deficiencies and weaknesses of the most frequently used methods for the allocation of health-care resources. New, more transparent and practical methods for optimizing the allocation of these resources are proposed. Method: The examples of quality-adjusted life years (QALYs) and efficiency frontier (EF) are analyzed to describe weaknesses and problems in decisions regulating health-care provision. After conducting a literature search and discussions with an international group of professionals, three groups of professionals were formed to discuss the assessment and appraisal of health-care services and allocation of available resources. Results: At least seven essential variables were identified that should be heeded when applying the concept of QALYs for decisions concerning health-care provision. The efficiency frontier (EF) concept can be used to set a ceiling price and perform a cost-benefit analysis of provision, but different stakeholders—a biostatistician (efficacy), an economist (costs), a clinician (effectiveness), and the patient (value)—could provide a fairer appraisal of health-care services. Efficacy and costs are often based on falsifiable data. Effectiveness and value depend on the success with which a particular clinical problem has been solved. These data cannot be falsified. The societal perspective is generated by an informal cost-benefit analysis including appraisals by the above-mentioned stakeholders and carried out by an authorized institution. Conclusion: Our analysis suggests that study results expressed in QALYs or as EF cannot be compared unless the variables included in the calculation are specified. It would be far more objective and comprehensive if an authorized institution made an informal decision based on formal assessments of the effectiveness of health-care services evaluated by health-care providers, of the value assessed by consumers, of efficacy described by biostatisticians, and of costs calculated by economists

The neutron and its role in cosmology and particle physics

Experiments with cold and ultracold neutrons have reached a level of precision such that problems far beyond the scale of the present Standard Model of particle physics become accessible to experimental investigation. Due to the close links between particle physics and cosmology, these studies also permit a deep look into the very first instances of our universe. First addressed in this article, both in theory and experiment, is the problem of baryogenesis ... The question how baryogenesis could have happened is open to experimental tests, and it turns out that this problem can be curbed by the very stringent limits on an electric dipole moment of the neutron, a quantity that also has deep implications for particle physics. Then we discuss the recent spectacular observation of neutron quantization in the earth's gravitational field and of resonance transitions between such gravitational energy states. These measurements, together with new evaluations of neutron scattering data, set new constraints on deviations from Newton's gravitational law at the picometer scale. Such deviations are predicted in modern theories with extra-dimensions that propose unification of the Planck scale with the scale of the Standard Model ... Another main topic is the weak-interaction parameters in various fields of physics and astrophysics that must all be derived from measured neutron decay data. Up to now, about 10 different neutron decay observables have been measured, much more than needed in the electroweak Standard Model. This allows various precise tests for new physics beyond the Standard Model, competing with or surpassing similar tests at high-energy. The review ends with a discussion of neutron and nuclear data required in the synthesis of the elements during the "first three minutes" and later on in stellar nucleosynthesis.Comment: 91 pages, 30 figures, accepted by Reviews of Modern Physic

Communicating with child patients in pediatric oncology consultations: a vignette study on child patients', parents', and survivors' communication preferences

Item does not contain fulltextOBJECTIVE: To investigate the preferences of children with cancer, their parents, and survivors of childhood cancer regarding medical communication with child patients and variables associated with these preferences. METHODS: Preferences regarding health-care provider empathy in consultations, and children's involvement in information exchange and medical decision making were investigated by means of vignettes. Vignettes are brief descriptions of hypothetical situations, in which important factors are systematically varied following an experimental design. In total, 1440 vignettes were evaluated by 34 children with cancer (aged 8-16), 59 parents, and 51 survivors (aged 8-16 at diagnosis, currently aged 10-30). Recruitment of participants took place in three Dutch university-based pediatric oncology centers. Data were analyzed by multilevel analyses. RESULTS: Patients, parents, and survivors indicated the importance of health-care providers' empathy in 81% of the described situations. In most situations (70%), the three respondent groups preferred information about illness and treatment to be given to patients and parents simultaneously. Preferences regarding the amount of information provided to patients varied. The preference whether or not to shield patients from information was mainly associated with patients' age and emotionality. In most situations (71%), the three respondent groups preferred children to participate in medical decision making. This preference was mainly associated with patients' age. CONCLUSIONS: To be able to adapt communication to parents' and patients' preferences, health-care providers should repeatedly assess the preferences of both groups. Future studies should investigate how health-care providers balance their communication between the sometimes conflicting preferences of patients and parents

Religião e controle social no mundo romano: a proibição das Bacanais em 186 a.C. Conferência do I Colóquio Internacional e III Colóquio Nacional do LEIR (Laboratório de estudos sobre o Império Romano) da Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho (UNESP), Campus Franca. Setembro de 2010

No ano de 186 a.C. foram duramente reprimidos os cultos báquicos na Itália por meio de diferentes medidas tomadas pelo senado (senatus consultum de Bacchanalibus ,CIL I2 581 e Liv. 39, 8-19). Uma extensa tradição historiográfica moderna afirma que a proibição deste culto constitui "um fato absolutamente excepcional na história de Roma", pois o paganismo se caracterizou pela abertura e a tolerância. No entanto, o tema da tolerância religiosa em sistemas politeístas é bastante complexo (Rüpke 2001) e não se trata de uma simples exceção, como o manifestou North em seu estudo sobre a tolerância religiosa na república romana (North 1979). Nesta perspectiva, o estudo das fontes da proibição das bacanais em Roma no ano de 186 a.C. e sua recepção (Lívio) oferece um ponto de referência para o tema da relação entre religião, ordem, estrutura, disciplinamento e controle social no mundo romano. Esse é o marco no qual se pode contextualizar a discussão sobre tolerância e intolerância religiosa na república romana